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Table of Contents

1. Overview of the UK Immigration System

2. Types of UK Visas

3. Points-Based Immigration System

4. Visa Application Process

5. Visa Fees and Timelines (2025)

6. Visa Extensions and Switching

7. Common Reasons for Rejection

8. Moving with Family Members

9. Settled and Pre-Settled Status

10. Staying Informed and Where to Get Help

The UK operates under a points-based immigration system, introduced after Brexit. This system applies to all migrants (except Irish citizens) and aims to attract skilled individuals while maintaining border control. Every visa category has its own requirements, but most involve:

• A valid passport

• Proof of financial support

• An approved sponsor (for work and study visas)

• English language proficiency (where required)

The Home Office is the government department responsible for immigration decisions, and applications are submitted through the official UK Visas and Immigration website.

a. Skilled Worker Visa

One of the most common routes, this visa is for individuals with a job offer from a UK employer that is on the list of approved sponsors. Jobs must also meet a minimum salary threshold.

Read more about the Skilled Worker Visa.

b. Health and Care Worker Visa

Designed for medical professionals such as nurses, doctors, and carers. This visa offers fast-track processing, reduced fees, and exemption from the immigration health surcharge.

Read more about the Health & Care Worker Visa.

c. Global Talent Visa

Open to leaders and emerging talents in tech, science, arts, and academia. This route requires endorsement from an approved body.

d. Student Visa (formerly Tier 4)

For individuals enrolling in a UK education institution. Proof of acceptance (CAS letter), English proficiency, and financial backing are required.

Read more about the Student Visa.

e. Family Visas

Includes visas for spouses, partners, children, parents, or dependent relatives of UK residents or citizens.

Read more about Family Visas.

f. Visitor Visa

For short stays (up to 6 months) for tourism, business, or medical treatment. This does not allow work or long-term study.

g. Start-Up and Innovator Visas

As of 2025, the UK offers two primary visa routes for ambitious founders: the Start-up Visa and the Innovator Founder Visa. These business immigration pathways are designed to attract innovative, scalable ventures from around the world—and support foreign nationals in building a future in Britain.

Read more about the Start-up & Innovator Visas.

The UK's points-based immigration system evaluates applicants based on a range of factors including job offer, salary, English proficiency, and qualifications.

To qualify for a Skilled Worker visa, you typically need 70 points made up of:

• Job offer from a licensed sponsor - 20 points

• Job at appropriate skill level - 20 points

• English language proficiency - 10 points

• Salary above threshold £26,200 threshold - 20 poins

Lower salary thresholds may apply in shortage occupations, new entrants, or healthcare roles.

Read more about the Skilled Worker Visa here.
The government updates the rules regularly, so check the official guidance for accuracy.

Here are the key steps for most UK visa applications:

1. Determine the correct visa type.

2. Secure a Certificate of Sponsorship (if needed).

3. Gather supporting documents.

4. Apply online via GOV.UK.

5. Pay the application fee and healthcare surcharge.

6. Attend a biometric appointment.

7. Wait for a decision (usually within 3–8 weeks).

Once approved, you’ll receive a vignette sticker in your passport and later collect a Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) upon arrival.

UK visa fees vary depending on visa type and duration. Here’s an example:

Use this tool to work out the cost of your UK visa application.

Many visa routes allow you to:

• Extend your visa before it expires

• Switch to another category (e.g. from student to skilled worker)

Always apply before your current visa expires and ensure you meet the criteria for the new route.

Avoid delays or denials by ensuring:

• Documents are complete and translated

• Financial requirements are met

• No previous immigration violations

• Consistent and accurate information

If rejected, you may have the option to reapply, appeal, or request an administrative review.

You can bring your spouse, partner, and dependent children if:

• You hold a valid visa

• You meet the minimum income threshold (usually £18,600+)

• You can prove your relationship

Read more about the Family Visas section for tailored advice.

If you're an EU, EEA, or Swiss citizen who lived in the UK before 31 December 2020, you may be eligible for:

• Pre-Settled Status: temporary 5-year stay

• Settled Status: permanent residence after 5 years

The scheme has closed to new applicants, but late applications are possible under specific circumstances.

1. Always use GOV.UK as your primary source

2. Join expat forums or communities

3. Use this tool to work out the cost of your UK visa application.

4. Seek professional legal help for complex cases